电影演员表演的可版权性分析（一）(10)

　　[18] Id. (quoting Anderson v. UnitedStates, 612 F.2d 1112, 1114 (9th Cir.1979)).
　　[19] Park Vill. Apartment TenantsAss'n v. Mortimer Howard Trust, 636 F.3d 1150, 1160 (9th Cir.2011).
　　[20] N.D. ex rel. Parents v. Haw.Dep't of Educ., 600 F.3d 1104, 1112 n. 6 (9th Cir.2010) (internal citation and quotationmarks omitted).
　　[21] See 17 U.S.C. ?101（“职务作品”的定义是，一个“由雇员在其本职工作范围内完成的工作”，或者是由双方签订书面协议，“经特约或委托的作品......作为活动动图的一部分......”） see also 201(b) （在涉及职务作品的案件中，雇主或者准备作品所为了的人是作者，明示协议另有规定除外。）
　　[22] 17 U.S.C. ?102(a).
　　[23] 17 U.S.C. ?101.
　　[24] See 1 Nimmer on Copyright 2.03.
　　[25] 17 U.S.C. ?101.
　　[26] Id.
　　[27] See Inhale, Inc. v. StarbuzzTobacco, Inc., 755 F.3d 1038, 1041-42 (9th Cir.2014).
　　[28] Southco, Inc. v. KanebridgeCorp., 390 F.3d 276, 286 n. 5 (3d Cir.2004) (en banc) (Alito, J.) (quotingYates v. Hendon, 541 U.S. 1, 3, 124 S.Ct. 1330, 158 L.Ed.2d 40 (2004)).
　　[29] 2 Nimmer on Copyright?7.16[B][3][b][vi].
　　[30] See Dissent at 38-39.
　　[31] See World Intellectual PropertyOrganization, Summary of the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances (2012),available at www. wipo. int/ treaties/ en/ ip/ beijing/ summary_ beijing. html(last visited May 13, 2015).
　　[32] See Dissent at 751.
　　[33] 202 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir.2000),
　　[34] 17 U.S.C. ?101 (emphasis added).
　　[35] 202 F.3d at 1233 (internalquotation marks omitted).
　　[36] 202 F.3d at 1233-34; see also Richlin v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Inc., 531 F.3d 962, 968 (9th Cir.2008)（根据Aalmuhammed 案，在确定作者时，法院必须首先要确定被审查的作品）.
　　[37] Blumenfeld's Dictionary of Actingand Show Business 48 (Hal Leonard Corp. 2009).
　　[38]电影《宾虚》中的信息见http:// www. imdb. com/ title/ tt 0052618/ (last visited Jan. 21, 2015),and Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, Trivia, IMDb,http:// www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0016641/trivia (last visited Jan. 30, 2015)。电影《指环王》中的信息见http:// www. imdb. com/ title/ tt 0120737/ (last visited Jan. 21, 2015),and Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, Trivia, IMDb, http:// www.imdb. com/ title/ tt 0120737/ trivia (last visited Jan. 30, 2015).
　　[39] See Dissent at 749-50, 751。
　　[40] See, e.g., 17 U.S.C. Ё 101, 103, 114, 201.
　　[41] 908 F.2d 555 (9th Cir.1990)(Kozinski, J.).
　　[42] See id. at 556 n. 2.
　　[43] See 1 Nimmer on Copyright?6.07[B][2].
　　[44] See Effects Assocs., 908 F.2d at559-60.
　　[45] See 17 U.S.C. ?203(a)(3).
　　[46] Pom Wonderful LLC v. Hubbard,775 F.3d 1118, 1122-23 (9th Cir.2014)（复审事实问题有无明显错误）(作者：吴祎 石振东，来源：华政东方知识产权)